Accepting Rejection and Rejecting Acceptance Essay

Dreamers are most likely to be the kinds of people who are prone to rejections and disappointments. I was once a dreamer who aimed to reach for certain heights which I believed were essential to my so-called â€Å"fulfilled life†. When I was young, I was in love with stories as poets are obsessed with their muses. There was something sensuously tempting about the idea of creating a world where your personal ideals exists and the place you have always longed to belong with is just around the corner of your imagination. I create stories in my head with such a passionate gesture that I would place a pen and paper beside my pillow and even talk to my characters alone in my room. I enjoyed conversing with their silent responses and violent whispers which led to a gradual creation of plots and conflicts. They became my friends and literary partners who helped me out with the stories that I wish to tell. My room suddenly became a place where stories transpire and manifest themselves on typewritten manuscripts. Every time I take a look at my drafts, they seemed to show a particular eagerness to be shown out there in public. I could not help but smile and absorb the eagerness too. When I was 16 years old, I took all my guts to show my four of my friends a freshly-written manuscript and asked them to give it a quick scan. They were just my friends and not even a publisher but it had been one of the most thrilling and suspenseful time of my life. The next day, two of my friends told me that they were not really that happy with my work. They thought it was boring. See more:  Manifest Destiny essay The other two did not even dare finish it. My story obviously was not good enough. However, I never lost hope. I knew I had a great story to tell filled with remarkable characters that were destined to be perpetually remembered such as Harper Lee’s Atticus Finch and Mark Twain’s Tom Sawyer. I knew there was something special about these people that I wish to free from my imagination and introduce to the real world. But I have failed them. I began to feel like a loser who pretended to be Superman by promising these creatures freedom from the clutches of a writer’s sporadic imagination. That depressing day gave me the realization that not only my work was rejected. It was the entirety of my ideal world that they have dismissed and discarded as something that was unacceptable and boring. I was a wreck. Suddenly, I began to despise the room which once seemed to provide me all the gladness in the world. Apparently, I have expected a lot from myself. I gave myself and these characters false hopes that one day we would be known for our uniqueness and greatness. Obviously, the world does not revolve that way. It rotates the other way around against the normal rotation of an insipid clock. Five years later, when I was trying to clean up my room, I visited my old box where my old manuscript was and started reading it after a very long time. I could not help but laugh about how amateur it had been at that time. The world that I have created in that story is absolutely not the world that I imagine to be ideal in the present time. The characters appeared to be some kids taken out directly from a teen flick. Rejection plays a brutally important role in a person’s development and growth. Without criticisms, one cannot experience the beautiful feeling of maturity. Truly, I have lost a great deal of positivism and childish enthusiasm when the first story that I dared to print for my friends received negative reviews. I have not printed and showed another story to someone for a long time after that incident. I have lost my personal communication with my characters. Meaning to say, they have stayed in their world as I have stayed in mine. That rejection made me realize that being too overly passionate about something is not healthy as it can ruin an aspect in your life that is essential. I could have gone mad if I have stayed drowned in my own pool of rejections. However, I finally came into realization that creating your own world by writing stories does not give you an assurance that other people are willing to share that world with you. Most of the time, you just have to keep that wonderful place hidden because it is your—and yours alone.

Administrative Ethics Paper Essay

In the health care setting for administrators there is an ongoing occurrence of ethical issues implicit in daily activities. A health care administrator we have assignments to the business as well as to ourselves to help the customers and our coworkers who accommodated and checked the patients within the company. The information technology system is growing rapidly this is an ethical issue for the administrators that always shows itself within the company and that is the confidentiality of data. Confidentiality information is private, facts about another person, company, etc. in a health care setting confidentiality is patients’ medical information stored into a system by the company. When working in the healthcare fields there are some rules concerning confidentiality, and they are; know the facts, have decision-making skills that control confidential data, and have some ethical alertness. The significance of developing ethical alertness is being able to handle confidential data, boosted education, and conversations regarding these problems should happen within the company to give pessimistic opinions of the coworkers and this could assist them to get through the conversation, conservative views, and moral instruction, this could take along groundbreaking ways for coworkers and other to efficiently to reply hard data, and this potentially could come into view. As an administrator, we are avowed in by morals to value the confidentiality of data we intake, and use for the company. Confidentiality data can have but is not restricted to, staff private data and recompense records. The issue and impact on the population that affects most will be explained in this case study; this will be the scenery for the moral examination of problems an administrator linked to revealing confidential data regarding a worker. We have a nurse name Michelle, who is the leading nurse at a hospital with 250 beds. Michelle has worked in the administration field for three years and thinks highly of herself compared to the other coworkers in the company. When it came to decision making Michelle always found a way to disagree. Michelle  acknowledges that the company is unstable from general duties of the company price extracting and also includes employee reduction. Michelle acknowledged that the gross was high that it usually is, and this could cause hardship in the working environment that will also consist of workers not certified and obligatory overtime. Michelle thinks these problems were due because of the altering attitude of the hospital managerial team. We have Nurse Jackie, who is the second head nurse; she has worked in the nursing field for a few years. She is mothers who use to stay-at-home and take care of her family (husband, and daughters). When Jackie’s children got older Jackie wanted to go back to work. Jackie’s husband realized with his paycheck and her paycheck combined they would not have enough funds to support their daughters for college and their tuition increases every year. A position at the hospital opened for her to apply for and Jackie’s husband thought that would be a superior idea for Jackie to apply for it because it could assist him and her on helping their daughters with college. Jackie got hired, although her nursing knowledge has not been streamlined. Jackie thought that because she was not a permanent staff worker there that they would not ask her to do much so she took on more hours. The administrator for nursing name is Karen; she is also associates with Michelle. These two ladies have had issue regarding quality of care. Michelle began drama regarding supple workers pool nurses to work on the medical units to Karen’s attention, without an acceptable answer. Karen’s workers were arbitrarily assigned in various parts of the hospital, which made it hard for Karen to monitor her staff. Karen’s view of Michelle is her certainty that the nurses ought to have awareness in every aspect of medicine, whereas Karen think this is idealistic considering they go in various assorted areas. Jackie began to see work as a stressful environment; she did not get to make friends with any coworkers because they were constantly moving around to different departments. She gave out medication to patients who did not recognize her. When Jackie had a question she would ask the physician, and they would not answer her so she would ask Karen for help. Work for Jackie was becoming unbearable, but her husband did not care he was happy to see the paychecks coming in and wanted her to keep working overtime because it was helping his and her savings big time. Jackie felt trapped because she wanted to lessen her hours at work, but her husband wanted her to do more hours so in result  Jackie began to taking drugs, she knew this could affect her job, but she needed to do this to decrease her stress. Jackie’s changes were not noticed for a while until she was told to work in the surgical area for a few weeks to assist an employee who was leaving for vacation. A pharmacist noticed a difference in giving out medication for example, a rare rise in narcotics and errors of signatures on the medication paperwork. The pharmacist took the problem to Michelle and Michelle did some investigating. Jackie was found guilty and Michelle went to Jackie’s boss who is Karen. Karen and Michelle talked to Jackie, Jackie admitted her wrongdoing, Karen resolute was for Jackie to go to a rehabilitation center and recover from this and when she does she could come back and work for the company. Karen also chose to not tell the state board of Registered Professional Nurses. After these events occurred Michelle chose to have a meeting with the nurse manager of surgical unit, human resources director, and the chair of the nursing ethics committee to decide rather she needs to be more should have happened in a situation like this. Jackie does have the right to confidentiality, but Michelle thought this could be a good staff conversation. Karen believed total opposite; she believed this would break Jackie’s confidentiality. The problem at the meeting was confidentiality and the nurses having incompatible opinions of confidentiality and the impression on others. Michelle believed that the way Jackie had act failed her position because patients were not treated correctly and other staff actions had been effect by Jackie’s duties so Michelle believed that meeting need to be held. Michelle believed the patient’s pain was impaired, and Jackie’s unwillingness harmed the patients. This was essential to her to demonstrate that the company was devoted to suitable action in giving a precautious workplace of knowledgeable workers/patients. Examinations of moral questions have an organized procedure to decide and choose the best result a problem occurs when there are moral questions with various results. When a problem does not occur there are no moral problems. A great moral result is reliant on good problem recognition and detail meetings. There are many ethical reasons to maintain confidentiality, and some are; protect private data that will consist of respecting others, maintaining sureness, which raises open discussion. We all have the power and guidance to have accountability to exercise in a steadily moral way. References 1. Badzek, L., Mitchell, K., Marra, S., Bower, M., and (Dec.31 1998): Administrative Ethics and Confidentiality/Privacy issues Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol 3, No.3 Retrieved September 29, 2012 www.nursingworld.org 2. Confidentiality in Health Care Health Care Professionals Must Learn the Rules of Confidentiality Sept. 29, 2012 Kathy Quan 3. HIPPA- Overview www.ufl.edu Copyright  © 2005 |University of Florida Retrieved September 29, 2012 Administrative Ethics Paper Essay In to world of healthcare, one thing has become very clear when talking about what is ethical and unethical, and that is if it is unethical it is almost always illegal. When discussing the topic of ethics you cannot leave out behavior. In most cases an individual’s behavioral patterns usually determines their level of ethical thought process. In the text is says this about behavior, â€Å"People’s behavior must match their set of values. It is not enough to believe that patient confidentiality is important if one then freely discusses a patient’s personal information with a coworker or a friend†(Fremgen, 2009). Patient Privacy is the issue at hand and one of the most important laws that we have governing healthcare profession today. According to the American Medical News Journal, patient health information was not being protected or secured to the highest level of standards in the eyes of the AMA (American Medical Association). In order to help improve tha t the AMA approved new policies that will provide a better blanket of security for the medical records of the individuals participating in any medical research (Aston, 1999). See more: Experiment on polytropic process Essay Supporting Facts The AMA wants to ensure that any entity in the United States that conducts research on human subjects are gaining proper consent for the research study, and that the consents are not being misused by others. These signed consents are permission slips for researchers to use medical information only for research purposes. The new policies focus on the confidentiality of the patient’s information that is obtained for the sake of medical research, and should not be shared for any other reason then what was originally intended. These policies also focus on accountability of many organizations and schools who conduct research to be ethical in their dealings with human  subjects. Good ethics means good intent and integrity. In terms of research any typing of alterations or fraudulent acts does in display good intent. This was the case with the NIH (National Institute of Health) and NCI (National Cancer Institute) who was accused by the author of the article of not living up to thei r mission statement. The mission statement of the NIH says† Science in pursuit of fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to extend health life and reduce the burdens of illness and disability†(Lanfranchi, 2008). It also included a goal which states â€Å"to exemplify and promote the highest level of scientific integrity, public accountability, and social responsibility in the conduct of science† (Lanfranchi, 2008). These goals and mission statements from the outside look great however, it was later discover that fraudulent acts were done because of the pressure the NIH was placing on the researchers. This is a good example of unethical acts in research it start out with good intentions but ended in unethical acts will eventually turn into a legal issue. Ethical and Legal Issues In the article, the issues that were discussed were mainly ethical issues that could potentially turn into major legal issues. One of the issues mentioned was the fact that the IRB’s should have been more concerned with patient health information staying confidential. Though this is important, their main concern was the safety and wellbeing of research participants. The AMA developed recommendations that addressed both the informed consent issue and the confidentiality issue. Another issue was that the U.S. would only be allow a short time frame of 18mths to make stricter privacy laws and after that point federal laws would take over. Aside from the AMA’s recommendations AIVIA is a supporter of the idea that the United States should have the ability to pass stricter privacy laws (Aston,1999). According to research, the AIVIA ( All Indians Village Industries Association) is a board of 18 advisors that consist of distinguished scientist and leaders in public life founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1934(www.mgiri.org). Managerial Responsibilities The article did not discuss any managerial responsibilities in terms of the  issues the AMA were trying to fix. In this case however, the AMA held their ground on the issues and stated that fairness should be across the board. They strongly urged that any time changes are being made to the research study that a new consent must be signed by the participants (Aston, 1999). Solutions The AMA task force is concerned with the improvement of the confidentiality and to joined forces with the IRB’s to create accountability for private research (Aston, 1999). The AMA came up with eight solutions/recommendations for the issues with informed consent and confidentiality and they are as follows: The first solution is to advocate where possible, informed consent should be obtained before personally identifiable health information is used for any purpose. If informed consent is not possible then the information must be stripped for the data and the entity accountable must determine that patient consent is not needed. The second solution states that the AMA urges the government to consider adding to the Common Rule Standards and require researchers to waive/ modify patient consent for the sue of personally identifiable health information only when other protection is in place. The third solution is to lobby for creation of a system in which research projects that fall outside the IRB process would be subject to review by local confidentiality assurance boards. The fourth solution is to make sure that teaching institutions involved in research receive personnel and resources to protect the individuals involved in the research study. The fifth solution states to continue to push for federal laws that provide a continuous layer of patient privacy protection that allows states to pass stronger measures. The sixth solution suggests to develop models of state confidentiality legislation to promote consistency The seventh solution states to continue to push to prohibit the sale and exchange of anyone’s personal identifiable health information. The eighth and final solution suggests to support voluntary of adherence to all IRB’s to the Common Rule Standards regardless of the institutions source of funding (Aston, 1999). References Aston, G., (1999). American Medical News. Delegates firm up privacy policy. Vol.42 (26). Pp.1-3. Fremgen, B, F., (2009). Medical Law and Ethics third ed. Ch.11 Ethical and Bioethical Issues in Medicine. Lanfranchi, A., (2008). Issues in Law and Medicine. The federal Government and Academic Texts as Barriers to informed Consent. Vol. 24 (1) pp. 61-69. Retrieved from http:// www.mgiri.org/about-institute. Administrative Ethics Paper Essay Administration ethics are becoming a very important subject. Administrative individuals are faced with a variety of ethical issues such as confidentiality. This paper will discuss confidentiality and patient privacy and its impact on the population that it affects most, arguments or facts that support a proposed solution, the ethical and legal issues in reference to confidentiality. It will also address the managerial responsibilities related to administrative ethical issues as well as any proposed solutions. The administration in any organization has responsibilities to self, to the organization, the clientele served and the employees who provide the services at the organization, so it is important to be aware of ethical issues because they are embedded in the everyday activities (The American Nurses Association, Inc, 2013). Confidentiality Confidential information includes facts that are secret, private or intimate that should not be shared unless it is approved. When dealing confidentiality in this day in time, information systems are becoming high tech and more effective within the health care field as well as an increased involvement of third parties who share the decision process have created some problems in reference to patient confidentiality and the ability to release private information to the appropriate individuals. Confidentiality has a major impact on the administration due to the fact that jobs are at stake when a patient’s privacy has been violated. The population that is affected the most by this is everyone within the administration, meaning the physician as well as the employees. The physician may not disclose any medical information revealed by a patient or discovered by a physician in connection with the treatment of the patient (American Medical Association, 1995-2013). This is important because when patients feel they can trust their physician, he or she can have a better chance being diagnosed appropriately and treated effectively. Without trust, the physician will receive partial information and it will make it difficult to treat patient. Arguments/Facts In reference to confidentiality, something has to be done to incorporate a more efficient way of distributing patient information. Some arguments include requiring ethical awareness, knowledge and decision-making skills as well as having several discussions about different ways to improve, retrospective analysis and ethical education (American Nurses Association, Inc 2013). By doing this the administration will have a more profound idea of what it takes to make sure that they can come up with innovative ways to answer difficult questions in regards to confidentiality. A big question that is often asked when dealing with confidentiality is under what circumstances is confidential information to be released. The fact still remains that any patient information that is released has to be approved or consented by the patient. Policies and regulations should be in place so that the employees comprehend what is appropriate and what is not. Ethical and Legal Issues The administration of any organization is possibly faced with many ethical and legal issues. For example, an employee works for a facility and he is in the office alone and a business calls in for some information regarding communicable diseases. The employee has not received any direct orders or any information from his manager to release information as such to anyone, but the company insists that the information will not be shared. The employee has to make an ethical and legal decision because he realizes that he is releasing patient information without consent and he could possibly lose his job if the information is released. The ethical and legal issues reported for confidentiality include whether or not administration should legitimately violate the confidentiality of an individual, for example, if it is to protect a vulnerable patient, or send confidential information to a third party for a more accurate diagnosis. Some legal issues reported include whether or not to release information to a third party in reference to a communicable disease to attempt to improve or cure diseases (NCBI, 1994). There are many rules and regulations that each state requires and they have to be followed. Managerial Responsibilities Managers have an important duty in understanding and realizing how ethical issues affect’s his or her staff. Managers need to be aware of the many different issues that arise as well as the best possible solutions to solve them. For example, if an employee works for a facility that begins to be more concerned with costs instead of quality and he or she has strong beliefs that it is very important to give the best service possible, this would be difficult for the employee, especially if the mission includes quality is of importance. This could call for high turnover, unacceptable working conditions and unlicensed personnel. With these types of issues, managers need to be there for their staff, so that they can direct them in the proper direction in reference to how to handle certain situations. Managers could take classes as well as employees so that everyone was aware of ethical issues and had a decision making process as how to approach them as they occurred. In this case, the employee should have discussed her feelings about the change to her manager and allowed him or her to make a decision on how to improve or change the decision to focus on cost in lieu of quality. Proposed Solutions Improving confidentiality is definitely an ongoing process due to many different challenges such as there are many different ways to make the process better. Gathering information and facts in reference to confidentiality, promoting training classes as well as keeping up with the rules and regulations in the appropriate states are all ways to help improve the issues with patient confidentiality. Another proposed solution is understanding conflict and reasons to maintain confidentiality. Issues are bound to arise in reference to confidential information and how it was handled; therefore the managers as well as the staff need to have extensive training in regards to confidentiality and how important it is to maintain it. . Conclusion In the conclusion, administration issues in regards to ethics are becoming a very important subject. Working to understand confidentiality and its impact on the population that it affects most, arguments or facts that support a proposed solution, the ethical and legal issues in reference to confidentiality as well as addressing the managerial responsibilities related to administrative ethical issues and any proposed solutions is a very productive and effective way to begin maintain confidentiality. Administrative Ethics Paper Essay Biomedical ethical issues are seen frequently in the news and are in constant scrutiny. The demand for social responsibility is high and available resources are limited. Health care leaders are faced with numerous administrative issues regarding patient privacy, research, confidentiality, and terminal illness. Much debate has surrounded medical spending on the terminally ill, such as the cost and allocation of resources toward end-of-life care. Choosing between prolonged life and quality of life are two difficult decisions to make. Nonetheless, it is difficult to base one’s opinion until cancer has taken over one’s life. A close look at administrative issues surrounding end-of-life care will demonstrate the impact on a population, ethical, and legal implications, potential solutions to the problem, and managerial responsibilities. The Northern Mariana Islands (NMI) is a part of the United States territory because it’s establishment of commonwealth in political union and is home to approximately 44,000 people (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012). Because of the increase in chronic diseases and lack of available resources, several residents are referred to go off the island to seek health care in Guam and Hawaii (Doty, 2012). However, the medical referral program has a crucial problem with financing because of the large amount already owed (Doty, 2012). Although a budget of $2. 5 million is allotted for health care expenses for the medical referral program, it only covers half of the costs incurred in 2011 (Doty, 2012). Therefore, officials viewed rationing of medical services necessary to keep costs at bay. Among the rationing of medical services is the allocation of resources to terminally ill patients. According to Doty (2012), a medical provider states, â€Å"As a community, we must address the reality of spending precious resources on end-stage patients who will die within a short amount of time with or without medical treatment. † The method of triage rationing raises ethical concerns because patients are treated as if they were soldiers out on a battlefield where only those with a higher chance of survival are saved. Although unspoken, the practice of rationing services is common in the NMI. The population is negatively impacted by the health care crisis and the lack of hospice care. Family members of ailing patients are seen holding signs requesting for donations so their loved one may receive off-island treatment (Doty, 2012, para. 33). Cost and allocation of resources are clearly administrative issues that need ethical evaluation. A senior administrator of the NMI seems lost at finding a solution and reminisces of the time when people accepted their fate and lived on the principle, â€Å"we live and die on our islands† (Doty, 2012). The ethical and legal implications of rationing health services have many facets. Generosity and independence are among the ethical principles associated with allocating health resources; however, that is not the case when resources are scarce and funding is limited. As demonstrated in the NMI, mainly the poor and middle class are subjected to health care rationing. Aside from the poor, people most affected by health care rationing are the elderly and disabled persons (Peters, 1995). It is unethical of those with tremendous discretionary power to favor the prestigious over the poor or disabled. However, rationing based on the ability to pay already exists and is completely legal, such as rationing care of Medicaid patients or rationing by insurance companies (Fremgen, 2009). Although some people may believe rationing health care is unethical, it is economically inevitable as the demand for scarce health care resources increase. Therefore, it requires ethical consideration when allocating health resources. According to the article, the proposed solution is a policy on medical care rationing (Doty, 2012). However, some politicians claim the unnamed policy is already put into practice. Furthermore, the administration proposes a tighter budget for the 2012 fiscal year but does not elaborate on how it will be accomplished (Doty, 2012). The manager of the medical referral services suggested to administration that the program be suspended and only used for emergency cases (Doty, 2012). However, no action has been taken to suspend the program. Another suggested solution is to place high emphasis on prevention and primary care to avoid excessive referrals during critical stages. Furthermore, hospice care is not available to everyone on the NMI, which if made an option, may minimize the health crisis by decreasing the demand of health care resources. Nonetheless, evaluating the effectiveness of treatment and cost is essential in allocating resources. Managers are responsible for implementing cost/benefit analysis to best use the institution’s resources. Peters (1995) states, â€Å"Cost-effectiveness calculations have the appeal of incorporating outcomes research, patient preferences, and expected costs into a rational and potentially sophisticated scheme for maximizing health care outcomes from the available resources. † However, cost/benefit analysis alone should not be the primary basis for allocating resources. Managers must also ensure health resources are distributed equitably. Nevertheless, a solid solution has not yet to develop as the situation worsens in the NMI. A leader’s responsibility and accountability for appropriately rationing healthcare is tremendous. Because resources are limited, leaders must diligently follow eligibility criteria that satisfy legal and social standards. However, the approach is not easy and frequent subject of debate. Some consider health resource allocation is necessary but others find it morally repugnant. Therefore, the manager’s responsibility toward allocation decisions requires evaluation of distributive justice principles for ethical dilemmas. For example, need, equity, contribution, ability to pay, patient effort, and merit are principles useful in determining resources allocation (Armstrong, 1998). Each patient situation has unique circumstances that require healthcare leaders to view subjectively. Nonetheless, leader’s responsibility is to set clear guidelines for allocating resources so health care providers can remain advocates for their patients. Allocation of medical services in poverty stricken NMI indeed has ethical and legal implications with no easy solution. The population is in dire need of distributive justice. Administrators are at a loss with the health care crisis of financial burden and limited resources. Nonetheless, health care leaders must fulfill their obligations to their organization and community by using ethical principles to guide them in making difficult decisions. Nevertheless, perhaps proposed solutions turned into policy may minimize the need for off-island medical referrals. Administrative issues surrounding end-of-life care demonstrated the impact on a population, ethical, and legal implications, potential solutions to the problem, and managerial responsibilities. Administration indeed has tremendous social responsibility.

UC San Diego Acceptance Rate: What Does it Take to Get In?

Part of the esteemed University of California System, the University of San Diego is located in the La Jolla neighborhood and home to 130 undergraduate majors across five disciplinary areas: arts & humanities, social sciences, engineering, biological science, and physical science. A unique aspect of UCSD is its â€Å"Sixth College† system, in which students are placed in colleges according to unique philosophies and named for great thinkers. When they apply, students rank the colleges in order of preference. With an admission rate of 30.2%, UCSD is a selective school that sits in the center of other UC schools in terms of difficulty of admission. So what does it take to get into the UCSD? Keep reading for ’s recommendations for creating a stand-out UCSD application profile. The majority of UCSD’s admits are from California. In 2016, 71% of the freshman class was comprised of California residents, with just 7% coming from out of state and 22% coming from out of the country. Now, the University of California system caps enrollment for out-of-state students. The percentage by school varies. UCSD strives for diversity: According to data from the same year (2016), 74% of the freshman class was made up of students of color and 29% was comprised of first-generation students. Broadly, UCSD defines the criteria for evaluation as: Finally, UCSD welcomes undocumented students, offering plenty of resources for these individuals.   UCSD defines the minimum coursework requirements as: Keep in mind that â€Å"recommended† coursework really means required except in unusual cases, so you should strive to meet or exceed these recommendations. UCSD is a rare university that states minimum GPA requirements for applicants. They are: These are merely minimums; many students greatly exceed these requirements, and having a higher GPA will improve your chances of admission. UCSD requires the SAT with critical reading, math, and writing or the ACT plus writing. You must submit scores from all your sittings. Don’t be too intimidated by this; many colleges that require you to submit all your scores will only record the highest. UCSD does state, however, that it will only take scores from the same sitting. The university also recommends taking all AP and IB exams associated with the courses, and you must submit scores directly from the College Board in order to receive course credit. International students whose native language is not English and non-native speakers must submit TOEFFL (83 minimum) or IELTS (7 minimum) scores as well. You must respond to four out of eight personal insights questions. For advice on writing these essays, check out ’s guide: How to Write the University of California Essay Prompts 2018-2019 . These questions are the same across all University of California undergraduate schools. Like the other UC colleges, UCSD does not accept the Common or Coalition Application. Instead, you must complete an application unique to the UC system. You must also submit your transcript. Keep in mind that letters of recommendation are not considered, and Music, Theatre & Dance, or Visual Arts program applicants may submit an optional portfolio or audition video. High School GPA: 4.02 – 4.28 ACT Composite Score: 28 – 34 ACT English Language Arts: 27 – 31 SAT Evidence-Based Reading & Writing: 640 – 730 SAT Mathematics: 660 – 790 SAT Essay: 16 – 18 (range reflects the middle 25%–75% range) Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Excel in your coursework and standardized tests. You should aim to greatly exceed the minimum requirements for GPA, test scores, and coursework. The most competitive candidates will have scores at least in the 75% range and an above-average GPA for the admissions pool. Additionally, you should take a curriculum with plenty of honors and AP or IB courses to demonstrate that you challenge yourself. Demonstrate that you are a person of strong character . USCD describes personal qualities as one of its criteria for evaluation. Since teacher recommendations aren’t part of your application, you will need to demonstrate this on your own. That means showing how your values align with those of USCD and emphasizing your personal attributes as well as academic. This can come through in your extracurricular activities, such as a commitment to community service beyond the value it will add to your application and anecdotes in your application and essay, such as describing a time you stood up for the underdog or fought for what you know is right. Emphasize what sets you apart. UCSD prides itself on its diverse student body. That doesn’t mean you must have a minority background to be admitted, but you should have some â€Å" hook † that makes you stand out from the applicant pool. Perhaps you had an unusual upbringing. Maybe you speak multiple languages. Or your the first person in your family to attend college. Whatever it is, emphasize what makes you unique in your essay or other aspects of your application. There are numerous factors that affect your chances of admission to UCSD, but here are three steps you can take to increase them. Step 1 . Place emphasis on areas like extracurricular achievements and diverse and unusual circumstances. Your essays are an excellent place to do so. Step 2. Exceed minimum requirements. UC system schools are unusual in that they state the established minimum requirements for admissions. Use this information to your advantage. You should aim to exceed them substantially, particularly if you’re out of state. Step 3. Demonstrate your enthusiasm for UCSD. Of all the colleges in the UC system—and all the universities in the country—why does UCSD appeal to you in particular? Like most schools, the UCSD adcom wants to know that you want to go there in particular. USCD doesn’t have interviews, so you’ll need to demonstrate interest by visiting the college, getting on the mailing list for collateral, and signing up for online materials. You should also find ways of incorporating the college’s values, which should match your own, into your essays. Being denied admission to any college, particularly one of your top choices, is disappointing. Still, it’s important to take a step back and regroup. If you get rejected from USCD, here’s what you can do: Make sure your final list is well balanced among safety, target, and reach colleges . You’ll improve your chances of being admitted to multiple schools if you include several where you have a good or reasonable chance of acceptance. That includes other University of California schools. Since there are many UC colleges that have a higher admissions rate than USCD, you’ll increase your odds of being admitted to the UC system by applying to multiple UC schools. Since there is a single portal for all UC schools, you won’t have to spend significant time on these applications. If you had your heart set on UCSD or received bad news from the other colleges on your list, one option is to take a gap year and reapply next admissions cycle. If you do decide to go this route, make sure you have a plan for how to spend the year. You might undertake a research project, volunteer, study to improve your SAT scores, or take classes non-matriculated at a local college. Even if UCSD was your top choice, chances are, you’ll find a way to make a college that did accept you work. College really is what you make of it, and if you put effort into adjusting to another school by joining clubs, working hard in your classes, and cultivating a social life, you’ll likely find that you can make a fulfilling college experience for yourself, even if you end up at a college that wasn’t your top choice. When you sign up for our program, we carefully   pair you with the perfect admissions specialist based on your current academic and extracurricular profile and the schools in which you’re interested. Your personal application specialist will help you with branding, essays, and interviews, and provide you with support and guidance in all other aspects of the application process.

Risk Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk Assessment - Essay Example Large organizations tend to spend great number of resources on implementing security measures to keep their informational assets safe but the writer states that there is not much awareness about this aspect in the non-profit organizations that have very limited resources and IT budgets. The author of the chosen paper, Fox (2008) understands the constraint of limited budgets in non-profit organizations therefore devised the methodology that would not cause them any setbacks in their financial system. The following aspects are considered for the development of the respective methodology; inexpensive or free software components that are compatible with Microsoft, no new infrastructure risk is brought about in the system, tools must be simple enough to be operable by volunteers after only few training sessions. The methodology that has been proposed by the author involves a series of steps that should be followed to ensure that the non-profit organization understands the risks that might be present in their IT infrastructure. Fox (2008) proposed the following steps: The series of steps for the risk assessment process is detailed and covers some of the basic considerations that should be involved in the conventional mode of risk assessment for example; the views of the top management regarding the important data that should be safeguarded and the authorities who should have access to the data. However, the implementation of the methodology requires the assessor to be equipped with the knowledge of UML which might pose to be a challenge for the volunteers in the non-profit organization. It requires considerable training to possess the skill of framing real life instances into UML framework. Another aspect of the paper that could have been explained in a better manner involves COBIT and NIST 800-30 security standards. The methodology is claimed to be based on these security standards but the

Religious Concepts in a Kantian Philosophy Essay

Religious Concepts in a Kantian Philosophy - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Immanuel Kant was an immensely popular and influential philosopher in 18th century Germany, who produced a wide array of works on metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, and, most relevantly, religion. Probably the most amazing aspect of Kantian philosophy is the completeness of his theoretical and practical philosophies—a distinction he himself used wonderfully in creating his set of works. The difference between pure and practical reason forms the need for his two most seminal works, Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason, the latter of which is more relevant to his consideration of religion. In that work and others, he fleshes out the difference between a constitutive picture of religious concepts and a regulative picture of religious concepts. Accepting the latter as a legitimate answer to one troubling antimony, Kant derives a critical philosophy which evaluates the notion of â€Å"religious knowledge†. Sc eptical of such a possibility, Kant endeavors to move religion into the realm of the non-cognitive such that claims to know what is beyond experience—the phenomenon—are immediately cast aside. The regulative approach to religious concepts Kant adopts the view that human beings should use the belief in God merely as a system of reward and punishment in morality. God, despite existing outside the realm of natural cause-and-effect, has the power to reward goodness and punish evil, thereby making human beings committed to being moral.

Mahatma Gandhi and George Washington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mahatma Gandhi and George Washington - Essay Example Although these concepts became most popular in India, leading to its independence, they inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. "He developed a method of direct social action based upon the principles courage, nonviolence and truth called Satyagraha. He believed that the way people behave is more important than what they achieve. Satyagraha promoted nonviolence and civil disobedience as the most appropriate methods for obtaining political and social goals." (Mahatma Gandhi: Indian Spiritual/Political Leader and Humanitarian 1869 - 1948) Therefore, Mahatma Gandhi has inspired several million people across the world through his ideals of ahimsa, nonviolence, and Satyagraha, and he is honored by the people of India as the father of the Indian Nation. In India, he is called Mahatma which means Great Soul. When he became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement, he used the tenets of Satyagraha to lead the campaign for Indian independence from Britain and he was arrested many times by the British. According to him, it is respectable to go to jail for a just cause and he is truly a great leader of the world in the complete sense of the word. Mahatma Gandhi has been one of the authentic experimenter with truth and his famous autobiography The Story of My Experiments with Truth which describes various important incidents in the life of this great world leader. In one of the most interesting stories about his childhood, Mahatma Gandhi narrates how he trained himself to walk along the road of honesty. During his childhood, Mohandas attended a local school in his region and he learned the lessons of truth and honesty, along with various subjects. He trained himself in important values of life and was a model to other students. One day, the teacher conducted a classroom examination in the class of Mohandas, in connection with the visit of an education inspector. All the students were very enthusiastic about the inspector's visit and tried to excel before him. So, the classroom exam was a chance for them to perform well before the instructor. The teacher arrived at the class and handed over the question papers. One of the questions in the question-paper was tough and confusing to almost all the students. The teacher was disappointed to notice that most of the students did not attempt that particular question. So, he decided to help the students when the inspector was not attending the class. He shared the answer with some of the students and permitted others to discuss it with students who got the answer. However, young Mohandas never attempted to copy the answer from his neighbor's papers and he gig not notice what others were doing. Seeing this, the teacher approached him and asked him to copy the answer from the neighbor. However, this could not influence the determination of Mohandas not to commit mistakes about honesty. At the end of exam, when asked by the teacher why he did not copy from others, young Mohandas told him that he preferred death to dishonesty. This story marks the growth of a great world leader. George Washington George Washington (1732 - 1731), the first president of the United States of America (1789-1797), has been

The USA Involvement in Mali Conflict Research Paper

The USA Involvement in Mali Conflict - Research Paper Example The reason that could support the USA involvement in the Malian conflict is the fact that Mali has been identified as an emerging new hub for terrorism (Teichmann, 2013). Reports have indicated that the al-Qaeda wing that is operating in Mali was responsible for the Algerian attacks, which greatly impacted on the country, and caused it a great deal of instability. The effect of the war in Mali, courtesy of the Jihadist and other militant rebels can already be felt, to a significant level. The United Nations agency that handles refugees has been calling for an international community engagement in resolving the conflict, citing the Humanitarian crisis that has been experienced in the country since the war began. According to UNHCR, hundreds of thousands of the Malian population in the northern region have been displaced, while many others have been killed in the conflict and yet more others abused (Watt & Harding, 2013). This concern raises the need for the USA to consider engaging in the Malian conflict, just to help bring the war to a speedy end, and thus help to rescue millions of the Malian civilians who are suffering in the hands of the militants, as well as those being displaced and committed to suffer as refugees in the neighboring countries. According to the UNHCR statistics, more than 150,000 people have been forced to flee out of Mali, while another 230,000 are now living as internally displaced persons within the country (Perry, 2013). This trend is alarming, following the consideration that it is the international community that is responsible for giving aid to such people, through the international humanitarian agencies, such as the UNHCR.  The rebels and the insurgent militants have also given the USA more reasons to engage in the Malian conflict. The Jihadists and the Rebels have been involved in taking hostages most of the people from the western powers living or serving in Mali, as the aids assistants to the people who are affected by the war (Huff Post, 2013).

Equality of Women and Men According to Locke Essay

Equality of Women and Men According to Locke - Essay Example As a political philosopher as well as a social psychologist, John Locke remained an outspoken and vehement supporter of equal rights in a society that is governed. He attributed these rights to include right to life, liberty as well as property. Locke’s belief on the legitimacy of government argued that such powers of the government rested on the citizens and it ought to result from the basis of equality. His support for equality is evidenced through his support of religious beliefs and religion where his philosophical basis of his idea is based on the availability of equality in the state of nature. Once man leave the state of nature to form governments, the role of state of nature remains with men. As such, Locke argues that in mankind races as well as families throughout the whole world, every person is equal to each other with neither one individual allowed to be on top of the other. As such Locke describes the equality in the state of nature as based on the concept of rec iprocal with every person having equal power to the other. According to Locke, all creatures of the same species possess equal advantages of nature and as such, none of the creatures from the same species ought to posses more rights than the other. Therefore, assured equality serves as the basis behind man’s agreement to enter a society. Throughout this discussion, it is apparent that Locke creates tension to the audience through avoiding the topic of women in politics. . Locke keeps on referring to men in the formation of the state of nature.

Management 4900 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management 4900 - Essay Example It should state the result, its significance and any other conclusion(s), which may be relevant. Introduction: A novel mouse mutant and the corresponding protein, mKIAA058 (in the following ‘KIAA’), was identified and further analysed. In order to understand the functions of this gene/protein, a mouse strain containing a non-functional allele (mKiAA058-; Null-allele) was successfully established. First data indicated an autosomal recessive inheritance as heterozygous (KIAA+/-) as well as homozygous knockout (KIAA-/-) animals were identified. The deficiency of this protein (‘Knockout KIAA’) affects multiple tissues, including skeletal defects (delayed/reduced development of bone and cartilage; growth retardation) as well as a progressive form of vascular degeneration. Later, a corresponding disease in humans was found in a small number of very young patients. The prospects of the patients are not clear at the time and the analysis of the mouse model may provide some hints for the severity of the disease. The analyses of the molecular mechanisms underlyi ng the disease are still ongoing and some problems and experiments linked to these studies are given in the following. Statistical tests may be used to answer some of the questions. In order to define potential effects of the presence/absence of the KIAA protein on the inheritance patterns, a number of breedings were performed. The genotypes of the parents were known and the genotypes of the litters (age: 14-16 days) were analysed by allele-specific PCR reactions. In three parallel experiments (1.1, 1.2, 1.3), crossings of 5 wildtype males (KIAA+/+) with 10 heterozygous females (KIAA+/-) were started and all litters (given as total number of mice) were genotyped and the numbers of all possible genotypes are given in the following Table 1. All tested mice appear normal and show no altered phenotype at the tested age (day 14-16). In three parallel

Prejudice on to kill a mockingbird 1 Essay Example for Free

Prejudice on to kill a mockingbird 1 Essay Prejudice is a negative aspect of society that has unfavorably affected many different people. In the novel, racial prejudice is evident but there are more types of prejudice on the novel. We said that racial prejudice is evident because in the novel a black man (Tom Robinson) was caused from raping a woman named Mayella Ewell and therefore had to go to trial. There were many points of view with regard to the case of Tom Robinson, but of course all influenced by prejudice because the color of Tom. The people of Maycomb town thought that Tom was guilty. Atticus and children (Scout, Jem, and Dill) thought that he was innocent. When we read this we can see that the prejudice is an important theme in the novel. For this reason it is necessary to make an analysis of this topic. People of Maycomb town always knew what the verdict of the trial was going to be (the judicial system was full of prejudice), even though some of them deep down knew that Tom was innocent, he don’t rape Mayella. [1]. Maycomb, like most small southern towns, has a problem with widespread racism (type of prejudice) toward African American people. As Maycomb was a small town with little or no new residents, people living there formed prejudices about various families over the generations. Social prejudice in Maycomb caused families to be stereotyped, which had a negative impact on members of those various families as it caused their character to become ‘fixed’ just by their household name. It also had a negative impact on the individual residents of Maycomb, causing them to have unequal treatment. An example of this prejudice is the rejection attitude of the town to Boo Radley, only because he is a Radley . Prejudice in To Kill a Mockingbird can be categorized into three forms, social prejudice, racial prejudice and gender prejudice.

Communication in Care Settings

Communication in Care Settings The Croft Nursery school is a chain of day-care centres throughout the Newcastle-under-Lyme area, it takes children from 0-4 years before preschool and has close links with the local hospital with kids need specialised attention for disabilities and medical conditions. Communication is very important in this care setting both between staff and children and there are different ways this communication takes place through oral, written, body language and special communication Oral communication is by far the most common between staff you can quickly and easily share information and build relationships easily with colleagues- it is also important to use oral communication with the service users as it builds a relationship with them and helps them learn and understand language. The use of oral communication and the language use differs for staff, parents and children-staff may use informal language the bond with each other and clear precise formal directions when exchange information. Calm and welcoming tones would be used to welcome parents and exchange information about their child, it is more informal as it is very stressful for parents to leave their children and they need to feel secure and relaxed. When using oral communication with children it is important to use clear and simple language, speaking slowly using other forms of communication such as body language and signs to help them understand. Listening is also very important as children are not al ways clear when they speak Body language and non-verbal communication links in with oral communication and helps connect with the service users when lack of language is barrier to effective communication- it is important to maintain eye contact, keep your body language open and relaxed and use non-verbal sins such as nodding and smiling to show you are listening-it is very important with children as they are very sensitive as their oral skills are less developed so they rely on facial expression and body language to communicate with you. I observed at the nursery with the younger toddlers they would teach the children certain signs such as patting their mouth to ask for food- so that they could communicate what they needed with the care workers before they learned the words to ask. It is important to watch a childs body language as they may not verbally express it if they are in pain or discomfort so a care worker needs to have effective communication and pick up on any non verbal signs that a child may be in distress. Written communication is often used in many care settings-it allows information to be recorded and therefore reviewed later and eliminates the possibility of human error-for example a human may not remember being told of a specific allergy or a medicine that a child needs- and the child cannot communicate it-but written notes support the care workers and allow them to keep a detailed account of the child needs. Written communication is used throughout the day-care- parents, children and staff have to sign in and out of the building to keep track of the children who are there in a emergency and protect the children-as the staff know who is in the building at all times. Written communication can make information readily available to service users through websites, leaflets and posters-they can see what services they are providing and their produces as well as seeing what their child does on a daily basis.As well as being aware of opening times and ways to contact the centre Computerise d communication also ties in as they can email or text to communicate with the daycare workers during the day and see how their child is doing. Sometimes special methods of communications are used especially with younger children who only have a simple grasp on language such as signs to direct them and give them instructions such as diagrams outside the toilet to tell them to wipe and wash their hands and directions on the coat hangers to direct them to how to easily put their coats on. Children can also communicate and express themselves through artistic activities and this allows them to grow and develop their communication skills and learn to express themselves. Children with special needs may need different forms of communication such as sign language or Braille and the centre has employees with skills the cater to their needs as they are learning to communicate. Makaton is also a useful for communication with children with learning difficulties as many of the children at the day care have learning difficulties or disability, Makaton uses signs and symbols, on picture cards and ties into to facial expressions to help the m understand. Communication between individuals does not always go smoothly, as there are often barriers to effective communication between people. If part of the communication cycle is unclear things can become confused for example if the person cannot correctly articulate or express what they are trying to say, they may not be listening attentively, they may use terms or colloquial language that the other person is unfamiliar with or try to communicate an idea with someone assuming they already have the relevant knowledge to understand it. There are many barriers’ that can affect communication such as sensory deprivation, foreign language jargon, slang, dialect or cultural differences. There are techniques to overcome barriers that occur in communication, oral communication is often used in care settings but there can be misunderstandings when people use slang, jargon or are simply not listening but you can overcome this using your verbal skills effectively, by paraphrasing to make sure you received the correct message, speaking clearly using simple English, and using a range of open and closed questions to get the information you need for example using closed questions to get simple and quick answer and open questions for a more detailed and emotional response. Be-aware of cultural differences as certain words e.g. sick which means good to younger people but disgusting or unwell to older people and I gestures that are acceptable in one country can be extremely rude in others for example in Greece the okay hand sign is rude and is insinuating that you think they are a phallus. Sometimes communication is hindered because the service user may have issues hearing, see ing or simply understanding language therefore other forms of communication must be employed such as sign language, Braille or lip reading to allow the user to communicate. The most important things to assure effective communication is making sure that you are both comfortable and attentive taking into note environmental factors and making sure there are no physical barriers between people communicating and they are in a well lit comfortable area. You must be very aware of your body language, too close, eye contact and body language focused on the user can demonstrate interest and concern but can also be seen as aggressive especially in other cultures so be sure to keep a adequate distance but not too far to feel unapproachable or cold. Keep your body at a slight angle therefore leaving your body language open and keep frequent but not constant eye contact. Listening is always the most important aspect and is essential in care settings as you may miss a vital piece of information that could help you treat a patient or treat a service user in a critical situation. Research has been done into communication and several theories have arisen from this and can provide guidance for care workers. One of the most well knows is the SOLER theory- it follows five basic points S Sit attentively at an angle It is important to sit attentively at an angle to the person who uses the service. This means that you can look at the person directly and shows that you are listening to the person seated beside you and that you are conveying interest. O Open posture It is important for a practitioner to have an open posture. This means not sitting or standing with your arms folded across your chest as this can sometimes signal that you are defensive or that you are anxious. If a practitioner has an open posture the person may be more inclined to elaborate on their concerns. L Leaning forward It important that practitioners lean forward towards the person using the service, this shows that you are interested in what the person is talking about. It is also possible that the person may be talking about personal issues and so may speak in a lower or quieter tone of voice. In addition you may want to convey a message in a lower or quieter tone of voice if you are seated in a public environment. E Eye contact Eye contact is important as this demonstrates that practitioners are interested and focused on the message that the person using the service is conveying. You can also develop a sense of the person’s emotional state by making eye contact, therefore, enabling you to judge the extent to which the person may be experiencing difficulty. R Relaxed body language It is important to have a relaxed body language as this conveys to the person using the service that you are not in a rush. This will enable the person to develop their responses to questions in their own time Implementing this theory provide multiple benefits to a person using the service they will feel listened to, develop a close relationship with the practitioner and feel that they care, which will make him/her feel less vulnerable and will feel more positive about asking for help if they feel that they will receive it in a non-judgemental and productive manner. It also benefits the care practitioner as they will understand the needs of the person using the service and therefore effectively address the needs of the person using the service and review care plans more efficiently. Another theory of communication is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, According to humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow, our actions are motivated in orderto achieve certain needs He presents this in a pyramid format as you need to fulfil the lower greater needs before you can fulfil higher lesser needs at the bottom of the pyramid is Physiological needs are the physical requirements for human survival, such as water, food, sleep, warmth etc If these requirements are not met, the human body cannot function properly and will ultimately fail. Physiological needs are the most important; they should be met first. With their physical needs satisfied, the individuals safety needs take precedence as in the absence of safety people feel stressed and can experience post traumatic stress disorder-people who are being threatened abused or live in a dangerous or war torn environment cannot concentrate on higher psychological needs and it is a basic animal instinct to need to feel safe and secure in their health and well-being. After physiological and safety needs are fulfilled, the third level of human needs is interpersonal and involves feelings of belonging such as love, family and friendship this need is especially strong in childhood and can override the need for safety as witnessed in children who cling to abusive parents. Lack of love and belonging– due to isolation, abuse, hospitalization or neglect. – can impact the individuals ability to form and maintain emotionally significant relationships in general, such as friendship, romantic relations or any intimacy with another person and Many people become susceptible to loneliness social anxiety and clinical depression n the absence of this love or belonging element. T The fourth tier is esteem-All humans have a need to feel respected; this includes the need to have self esteem and self-respect. People often engage in a profession or hobby to gain recognition. These activities give the person a sense of contribution or value. People with low self-esteem often need respect from others, and seek to please others or achieve fame or glory but self esteem needs acceptance from within and is not found in others Psychological imbalances such as depression can hinder the person from obtaining a higher level of self-esteem or self-respect. People need self esteem and it makes them aim to better themselves and achieve things. Without these things low self esteem may lead to an inferiority complex, weakness, and helplessness. At the top of the pyramid is self actualization this level of need refers to what a persons full potential is and the realization of that potential.individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically. For example, one person may have the strong desire to become an ideal parent, another to build their own business and simply gain great athleticism; it may even be expressed in paintings, pictures, or inventions.As previously mentioned, Maslow believed that to understand this level of need, the person must not only achieve the previous needs, but master them. Using this theory in care settings help us understand what the patient needs by looking at what they have fulfilled in their life and what they still need-for example a depressed patient cannot be treated for hormonal imbalances or issues with intimacy etc. If they are in an unsafe environment or have no shelter or lack of food-those needs must first be addressed before you can address issues further up Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. It helps us better structure our care and help patients more efficiently. I experience all these forms of communication and issues when I did experience at The Croft nursery. During my time their I circulated between the different ages of children and learned about the communication between the staff with children of different ages and also how they communicate with each other, which helped me better explore communication and understand it rather than simply reading about it. At the nursery, I participated in games with the children, sat them down for dinner, took them for walks and laid them down for naps. I found it very easy to engage with the children and feel this was a strong point of mine I kept my body language open and very positive and was good at getting the children to open up. Sometimes I struggled with the language barriers with younger children as it is hard to understand what they want and can be confusing but I got used to looking for other signs and body language to understand what they wanted from me. I took direction well from the staff and enjoyed working with them-they were very clear and had good communication all over the building, there was no confusion where I was going and what I was doing and the use of telephones connected in each room made it easy for them to ask for help or anything else they needed from other rooms. The only complaint I would have is some of the staff could be a bit more rude and less welcoming and would discuss topics around the young children that wasn’t appropriate especially as the children were just starting the learn language. I would say that my weak point would have been communicating with the children to make them understand what they couldn’t do- I found it very easy to get them to do things and play with them but when it comes to the negative side such as telling them off I found it difficult as I felt uncomfortable being so negative to other people’s children and would need to work on and research it for next time. I a lso feel that I could benefit of more extensive training and explanations of techniques to use with the children. Communication in Care Settings Communication in Care Settings Introduction This unit investigates the different types of communication skills used in care settings and their purpose. I will give an in-depth description of the different types of communication used in care settings and their purposes. The description will clearly show how people are valued and supported by the different types of communication. These include; written, oral, computerised and special methods. Also, I will show my understanding of how the application of the values of care by practitioners when communicating with people who use services can be supportive. These values of care include; promoting equality and diversity, maintaining confidentiality and promoting individual rights and beliefs. For example, confidentiality is a key value in health and social care and that may be faced by confidentiality dilemmas and in such cases what to do if information is given and is felt this should be shared. I will show a high level of understanding of how communication can be supported and inhi bited by factors, which can influence communication which includes the use of the values of care. The factors include; positioning (for example, space, height), emotional (for example, fear happiness, self-esteem, trust, empathy, responsiveness, attentiveness, respect) environmental conditions (for example, space, noise, lighting, ventilation) and special needs (for example, using appropriate vocabulary, sign language). A wide-range of examples will be given. Furthermore, I will also show my understanding of the importance of the content that is being communicated. Within health and social care settings communication is key to communicate with other practitioners, people who use these services and relatives. I will consider the different types of interaction, their purposes, the people involved and how to build a professional partnership with people who use services. There are a variety of skills used within care settings when communicating with others and these influence the effectiveness of the communication. I will give a detailed and comprehensive explanation of four communication skills used by practitioners in one care setting and how skills may affect interaction, how they can minimise communication barriers and help value individuals. Examples of skills include; tone of voice, pace of voice, eye contact, facial expression, clarifying, posture, paraphrasing and empathising. Detailed reasons for using each skill will be given. Also, I will show a high level of understanding of how people who use the service are valued and supported by the application of values of care and appropriate use of communication skills. A wide range of appropriate examples will be included. I will demonstrate the ability to select and use appropriate information from a wide range of sources, for example, books and the internet, for at least two theories of communication. I will give an in depth explanation, showing a high level of understanding of how these theories can be used as a strategy to enhance and prevent barriers to communication and to provide guidance about how to effectively communicate with people who use the service/practitioners. I will include theories relating to; group structures, the communication cycle, the structure of interactions, SOLER and theories of formation. I will provide comprehensive records of one interaction with a person who uses services/practitioners or a small group of people who use services/practitioners. These will be supported by records that show how the interaction was planned and conducted, the aims and objectives and the skills used for the interaction. The information considers, at a comprehensive level, the skills used the factors that supported and/or inhibited the interaction and information which shows a high level of understanding of how the values of care were applied. I will produce a comprehensive evaluation of the interaction which shows evidence of reflection, analysis and conclusions; I will consider the interaction from their own and the person/people who use services/practitioner(s) perspective. I will include a witness statement. Lastly, I will describe in detail realistic improvements that could be made. Different Types of Commutation used in Care Settings There are many circumstances in a care setting, where is it vital to exchange information. Communication enables the building of appropriate relationships and meeting the physical, intellectual, emotional and social needs of service users. The quality of communication will form the value of relationships and the ability of carers to meet service user’s needs. Types of communication include; oral, written, computerised and special methods. Oral Communication http://ec.l.thumbs.canstockphoto.com/canstock6638212.jpg Having a conversation with someone consists of the development of skills and social coordination. This means; showing an interest, being interesting and having the ability to start conversations and end them. When communicating orally with others within a care setting may have different intentions. These may include; giving information (for example, service providers within a GP may state what and where services are available), obtaining information (for example, when a child begins nursery contact information will be given to early years staff and is used if contact with any child’s parents is necessary) or even to exchange ideas (for example, within a care home elderly individuals may share present or past experiences with others) Giving and obtaining information is essential because the content must be accurate. If incorrect ‘facts’ are given, the individual who needs the information will be misled and this may result in serious consequences. An effective approach of ‘making a connection’ is by putting people at their ease by taking an honest interest in them. This should apply whether you are giving the information to an individual or even if you are receiving the information. In addition, if an individual is from a different culture, it is vital as this shows the value of diversity. Also, being open about what individuals are aiming to accomplish and inspiring the others to do the same is also needed when giving, obtaining information or exchanging ideas. When talking to people, non-verbal signals, such as gestures or smiles are regularly used. This is reffered to as ‘body language’ and is also a method of giving messages to individuals with whom we are talking to: for example, smiling will express friendliness. When individuals communicate with each other they send messages and unveiling information. When communicating verbally, messages are encoded by a sender and decoded by a receiver. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCS_99.htm Communication in different settings is likely to be of a complex nature; therefore this means it may have a number of intensions. For example, care workers will need to be conscious that each individual will have their personal way of understanding messages. Effective communication refers to more than just passing on information and consists of involving or engaging with another person. Tearesa Thompson (1986) argues that communication is significant for two main explanations. Primarily, communication allows individuals to share information. Also communication allows relationships between people. Thompson states ‘communication is the relationship’. Therefore, speaking or signing is essential to creating relationships between people, and care workers must have highly developed social skills, to ensure their ability to work with the variety of emotional needs that service users will have. Examples of tasks, where verbal/oral communication is vital; Asking for information Explaining issues, policies and procedures Building an understanding of another person’s life Clarifying issues Problem solving Exchanging ideas/learning new ideas Carrying out interviews and assessments Building a sense of trust Establishing professional relationships Providing emotional support Calming people who are experiencing strong emotions Welcoming people Written Communication http://files.www.lawyersmutualnc.com/Newsletter_Clipart.gif http://comps.fotosearch.com/comp/IMZ/IMZ199/writing-letter_~szo0432.jpg The written word is used extensively and is the most frequently recognised method of communication. The rules that administer writing are different from those that are accompanied for spoken language. Within many settings accuracy of the written word is particularly essential. For example, if inaccuracies take place with keeping of formal records within a GP; an individual might have the incorrect treatment or be given improper information with possible severe consequences. Essentially this could result to a complaint being put forward or even court proceedings being taken against the organisation. When writing information down it must be; clear, accurate and legible. Inaccurate, written records could result in; inappropriate actions, failure to act or complaints and litigation (legal action). In many settings, written information is used to record personal history. For example in early years settings communicating in writing helps care workers to keep in contact with parents, friends of the organisation and other professionals. The intentions may be on giving or obtaining information or exchanging ideas. In many settings the communication policy will lay down that all written communication needs be shown to the manager before it is passed on. It recommended that copies of written communication should be kept in case they are essential for future reference. Types of written communication may include; Letters Appointments, information about meeting, visits, tests results Accident slips To inform of minor injury to children Care plans A plan of the care an individual is to receive Menus The choices available at meal times Monitoring medical records Temperature, pulse or, in early years, the progress that is being made Newsletters Giving information about events Notice boards These can be reminders or information about group meetings Personal history Individuals details about past and current experience Computerised Communication http://www.fcps.edu/LibertyMS/images_top/News/email%20clipart.png In recent years the development of email has grown to be a frequently used method of communication. Emails can be both formal and informal depending on their intension. An advantage of emails is that it is a fast technique of communicating with another individual or organisation as answers can be received in a matter of minutes, rather than having to wait for a number of days. Care must be taken to make sure that confidentiality is maintained and only shared on a ‘need to know basis’ only. In addition, the internet is too increasingly being used as a source of information for various types of purposes. Computers use the written word, as their main function, but they are also used to show information in graphics and sounds. Electronic forms of communication such as mobile devises are currently the most used technology in the many individuals everyday life. In many settings computers may be used for interacting between one organisation and another. For example, a GP surgery could use the computer to send information about a patient to a consultant at a hospital, to send a prescription to a pharmacy or even to send essential information to an individual’s home address. Moreover, this is similar as an internal network system can also be in place to ensure that employees within one setting can be linked with others to share information. For example, within school organisations, teachers can be sent key information via email. With electronic records it is important to; Keep a ‘back up cop’ increase the system crashes Use a password security check to make sure that only certain staff have access Find out about the policy on the printing of details so that hard copies do not get lost, or even seen by others Know the policy on who is authorised to update or change records. The recording system must prevent information being altered or lost by accident Print out fixed documents in an appropriate confidential area and keep the documents in a safe system to prevent unauthorised people having access to confidential material In all situations care needs to be taken to guarantee that the requirements of the data protection act are followed when using the computer. The act: generated new obligations for those keeping personal information, entails that a service user can be given a copy of any information that is kept about them (this is known as your ‘right of access’), requires that any incorrect information about a person is modified or deleted, gives an individual the right to complain to the data protection commissioner if they think someone is keeping data and is not conforming with the act, permits individuals to declare compensation through the courts if they suffer damage through mishandling information about themselves, enable an individual who uses services to find out from any person or organisation whether information is being kept about them and if they do to be told the type of information kept and the purposes for which it is kept. People keeping personal information should give individuals access to their personal information and can correct or delete any information found to be inaccurate. Settings must: get personal information fairly and openly, use it only in ways compatible with the intension for which it was given in the first place, secure it against unauthorised access or loss and make sure that it is accurate and kept up to date. Special Methods All health, social care and early years’ settings must be ready to offer individuals with special needs where communication is concerned. Special needs may include the following: hearing impairment or deafness, poor eyesight or blindness, language difficulty (including English not being first/preferred language). Therefore, there are a number of organisations that can provide support with such needs for example, Makaton, Braille, Sign Language and Interpreters. Makaton http://www.jacobbailey.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/MAKATON_SIGNS.png Makaton is a language programme using signs, speech and symbols to help people to communicate. Makaton aids individuals who have a hearing impairment or who may have a learning difficulty to communicate with others. It is designed to support spoken language and the signs and symbols are used with speech, in spoken word order. Makaton uses an established set of hand movements to convey meaning. Today over 100,000 children and adults, use Makaton symbols and signs. With Makaton, children and adults can communicate straight away using this language programme. With young children it is usually as soon as it is recognised that they have a need. Some individuals then naturally stop using the signs or symbols at their own pace, as they develop speech. However for others this system is required throughout their lifetime. For those who have experienced the frustration of being unable to communicate meaningfully or effectively, Makaton really can help. Makaton takes away that frustration and enables individuals to connect with other people and the world around them. This opens up all kinds of possibilities. Makaton helps deliver extra clues about what someone is saying. Using signs can help people who have no speech or whose speech is unclear. Using symbols can help people who have limited speech and those who cannot, or prefer not to sign. Makaton is extremely flexible as it can be adapted to meet an individuals needs and used at a level appropriate for them. It can be used to: Share thoughts, choices and emotions Label real objects, pictures, photos and places Take part in games and songs Listen to, read and tell stories Create recipes, menus and shopping lists Write letters and messages Help people find their way around public buildings Braille http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/braille-reading-1484302.jpg Braille is a system of raised dots that can be felt with fingers, for people who have limited vision or are blind, this system provides the opportunity for independent reading and writing as it is based on ‘touch’. Braille was introduced by a Frenchman blind person named Louis Braille in 1829. Using the correct computer software, individuals can translate written material into Braille and print out using special printers. Braille can be very useful to individuals who use services who have poor eye sight as they are able to read leaflets and hand-outs that provide information regarding their treatment, as well as being able to read books and magazines and satisfy their personal intellectual needs. Sign Language http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/modern-languages/lal/NEW%20COURSES_FROM_JANUARY_2014/images%20NEW2014/BSL.jpg Sign Language is a visual means of communicating using signals, facial expression, and body language. Sign Language is largely used by people who are deaf or have hearing impairments. Within Britain the most common form of Sign Language is known as British Sign Language (BSL). British Sign Language has its individual grammatical structure and syntax, as a language it is not dependant nor is it associated to spoken English. British Sign Language is used amongst 50,000 – 70,000 people within the UK. The government officially recognised British sign language, in March 2003 as an official minority language, this lead to an increase in raising awareness of the BSL campaign. British sign language has a phrase ‘make your fingers counts’ which appeals to children. British sign language can be taught at any age, for example even children are intrigued about BSL. It is a language that has developed over hundreds of years and enables interaction between people who otherwise might experience difficulty. Interpreters http://www.lexlogos.com/images/blog/Lexlogos-LLC-Happy-International-Translation-Day.jpg Interpreters can be used to support communication with service users for whom English is not their ideal or first language. In the past usually service users have brought along translators which have been people who are members of their own family. However this has currently been decreasing as it was considered by many individuals that using family members was not beneficial, as service users became aware that the information may not necessarily be kept confidential even by using family members. For example, a daughter (family member) who is translating for her mother (service user) can discover that her mother has a terminal illness, in this case a mother would rather have someone who is not a member of the family to ensure nay health problems are kept confidential and shared only on a ‘need to know basis’. Within a lot of health, social care and early years’ services, there are leaflets available which cover a variety of health topics or health facilities and are produced in a number of other languages (including English). Therefore many service users within our multi-cultural society have full access to the information needed, rather than having to use a translator.